Selected

Krol, L. R., Zander, T. O., Birbaumer, N. P., & Gramann, K. (2016). Neuroadaptive technology enables implicit cursor control based on medial prefrontal cortex activity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(52), 14898–14903. DOI PDF

We show that it is possible to extract meaningful information from a person's automatic, involuntary brain responses to specific events. In our experiment, a computer presented cognitive probes to participants and gauged their automatic brain responses to them, essentially posing questions directly to the brain. It then used the information thus obtained to effectively control a cursor on the screen, without the participants realising that they were the source of this information.
Krol, L. R., Andreessen, L. M., & Zander, T. O. (2018). Passive Brain-Computer Interfaces: A Perspective on Increased Interactivity. In C. S. Nam, A. Nijholt, & F. Lotte (Eds.), Brain-Computer Interfaces Handbook: Technological and Theoretical Advances (pp. 69-86). Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press. DOI PDF

Passive brain-computer interface (pBCI) technology can be used in a number of different ways to achieve different goals. Here, we present a categorisation of pBCI applications, and identify a trend leading towards fundamentally different interactive systems, which open up novel opportunities but also reveal potential ethical, legal, and societal issues.
Krol, L. R., Pawlitzki, J., Lotte, F., Gramann, K., & Zander, T. O. (2018). SEREEGA: Simulating Event-Related EEG Activity. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 309, 13-24. DOI PDF

This describes a free and open source MATLAB-based toolbox that researchers can use to simulate event-related EEG data. Simulated EEG data provides a completely known ground truth, allowing EEG-based methods to be evaluated.
Krol, L. R., Haselager, P., & Zander, T. O. (2020). Cognitive and affective probing: a tutorial and review of active learning for neuroadaptive technology. Journal of Neural Engineering, 17(1), 012001. doi: DOI PDF

Cognitive probing, described in this tutorial paper, refers to an application of active learning where repeated sampling is done by eliciting implicit brain responses. This is a powerful method to obtain information from human participants to feed into neuroadaptive systems, potentially without their consent or awareness. The paper therefore addresses both technological and ethical guidelines and principles.

Published

2024

Krol, L. R., & Zander, T. O. (2024). Project NAFAS: Announcement and brief overview. In Proceedings of the 9th Graz Brain-Computer Interface Conference 2024 (pp. 372–374). DOI PDF
Krol, L. R., & Zander, T. O. (2024). The Neuroergonomic Vision of Project NAFAS. In 5th International Neuroergonomics Conference. PDF
Zander, T. O., & Krol, L. R., Solis Escalante, T., & Chitu, A. G. (2024). A method performed by an information processing device, a program product, and a system for acquiring artificial intelligence from processing context related operational, human bio-signal and human conduct data. Dutch Patent No. NL1044409B1. Rijswijk, Netherlands: Netherlands Patent Office. Link PDF
Zander, T. O., & Krol, L. R., Solis Escalante, T., & Chitu, A. G. (2024). A method performed by an information processing device, a program product, and a system for acquiring artificial intelligence from processing context related operational, human bio-signal and human conduct data. European Patent Application No. EP4332849A1. Munich, Germany: European Patent Office. Link PDF
Zander, T. O., & Krol, L. R., Solis Escalante, T., & Chitu, A. G. (2024). Methods and systems for improving artificial intelligence from context data. U.S. Patent Application No. US20240070543A1. Washington, DC, US: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Link PDF

Published

2023

Niso, G., Romero, E., Moreau, J. T., Araujo, A., & Krol, L. R. (2023). Wireless EEG: A survey of systems and studies. NeuroImage, 269, 119774. DOI PDF
Zander, T. O., & Krol, L. R. (2023). A method performed by an information processing device, a program product and a system for processing context related operational and human mental brain activity data. Dutch Patent No. NL1044171B1. Rijswijk, Netherlands: Netherlands Patent Office. Link PDF
Zander, T. O., & Krol, L. R. (2023). A method performed by an information processing device, a program product and a system for processing context related operational and human mental brain activity data. European Patent Application No. EP4155880A1. Munich, Germany: European Patent Office. Link PDF
Zander, T. O., & Krol, L. R. (2023). Method, device, and system for processing context related operational and human mental brain activity data. U.S. Patent Application No. US20230093444A1. Washington, DC, US: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Link PDF
Gherman, D. E., Krol, L. R., & Zander, T. O. (2023). Detecting bluffing in a two-player game with passive brain-computer interfaces: implications for human-machine interaction. In Proceedings of the 10th International Brain-Computer Interface Meeting (p. 144491). DOI PDF
Gallegos Ayala, G. I., Haslacher, D., Krol, L. R., Soekadar, S. R., & Zander, T. O. (2023). Assessment of mental workload across cognitive tasks using a passive brain-computer interface based on mean negative theta-band amplitudes. Frontiers in Neuroergonomics, 4, 1233722. DOI PDF

Published

2022

Krol, L. R., Pawlitzki, J., Gramann, K., & Zander, T. O. (2022). Classifier visualisation reveals salience, valence, and serial dependency in a modified implicit cursor control paradigm. In Proceedings of the Third Neuroadaptive Technology Conference (pp. 73–75). Lübbenau, Germany. PDF
Krol, L. R., Müller, M.-C., Boyanova, A. A., Kübler, A., & Zander, T. O. (2022). Task-independent workload classification using non-binary output and task scaling. In Proceedings of the Third Neuroadaptive Technology Conference (pp. 112–114). Lübbenau, Germany. PDF
Niso, G., Krol, L. R., Combrisson, E., Dubarry, A.-S., Elliott, M. A., François, C., . . . Chaumon, M. (2022). Good scientific practice in EEG and MEG research: Progress and perspectives. NeuroImage, 257, 119056. DOI PDF
Krol, L. R., & Zander, T. O. (2022). Defining neuroadaptive technology: the trouble with implicit human-computer interaction. In S. H. Fairclough & T. O. Zander (Eds.), Current research in neuroadaptive technology (pp. 17-42). London, UK: Academic Press. DOI
Krol, L. R., Klaproth, O. W., Vernaleken, C., Russwinkel, N., & Zander, T. O. (2022). Towards neuroadaptive modeling: assessing the cognitive states of pilots through passive brain-computer interfacing. In S. H. Fairclough & T. O. Zander (Eds.), Current research in neuroadaptive technology (pp. 59-73). London, UK: Academic Press. DOI
Pawlitzki, J., Krol, L. R., & Zander, T. O. (2022). The impact of electrode shifts on BCI classifier accuracy. In S. H. Fairclough & T. O. Zander (Eds.), Current research in neuroadaptive technology (pp. 201-220). London, UK: Academic Press. DOI

Published

2021

Krol, L. R., & Zander, T. O. (2021). Create no evil? A call to cross ethical boundaries. Frontiers in Neuroergonomics Conference Abstract: 3rd International Neuroergonomics Conference. PDF
Pawlitzki, J., Kalproth, O. W., Krol, L. R., & Zander, T. O. (2021). Automation surprise in the neuroadaptive cockpit. Frontiers in Neuroergonomics Conference Abstract: 3rd International Neuroergonomics Conference. PDF

Published

2020

Krol, L. R. (2020). Neuroadaptive technology: Concepts, tools, and validations (Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany). DOI PDF
Mousavi, M., Krol, L. R., & de Sa, V. R. (2020). Hybrid brain-computer interface with motor imagery and error-related brain activity. Journal of Neural Engineering 17(5), 056041. DOI PDF
Klaproth, O. W., Vernaleken, C., Krol, L. R., Halbrügge, M., Zander, T. O., & Russwinkel, N. (2020). Tracing pilots’ situation assessment by neuroadaptive cognitive modeling. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 14, 795. DOI PDF
Klaproth, O. W., Halbrügge, M., Krol, L. R., Vernaleken, C., Zander, T. O., & Russwinkel, N. (2020). A neuroadaptive cognitive model for dealing with uncertainty in tracing pilots’ cognitive state. Topics in Cognitive Science, 12(3), 1012–1029. DOI PDF
Krol, L. R., Haselager, P., & Zander, T. O. (2020). Cognitive and affective probing: a tutorial and review of active learning for neuroadaptive technology. Journal of Neural Engineering, 17(1), 012001. DOI PDF

Published

2019

Krol, L. R., Pawlitzki, J., Mousavi, M., Andreessen, L. M., & Zander, T. O. (2019). Salience versus Valence in Implicit Cursor Control: First Indications of Separate Cortical Processes. In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC) (pp. 3913–3918). DOI PDF
Krol, L. R., & Zander, T. O. (2019). Towards an ethical definitory framework for both traditional and novel human-computer interaction paradigms. In Proceedings of the Second Neuroadaptive Technology Conference (pp. 17–18). Liverpool, UK. Link PDF
Krol, L. R., Pawlitzki, J., Mousavi, M., Andreessen, L. M., & Zander, T. O. (2019). Isolating affective influences on implicit cursor control. In Proceedings of the Second Neuroadaptive Technology Conference (pp. 81–83). Liverpool, UK. Link PDF
Pawlitzki, J., Krol, L. R., & Zander, T. O. (2019). The impact of electrode shifts on BCI classifier accuracy. In Proceedings of the Second Neuroadaptive Technology Conference (pp. 75–76). Liverpool, UK. Link PDF
Rashid, U., Niazi, I. K., Jochumsen, M., Krol, L. R., Signal, N., & Taylor, D. (2019). Automated Labelling of Movement-Related Cortical Potentials using Segmented Regression. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 27(6), 1282-1291. DOI PDF

Published

2018

Krol, L. R., Mousavi, M., de Sa, V. R., & Zander, T. O. (2018). Towards Classifier Visualisation in 3D Source Space. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC) (pp. 71–76). DOI PDF
Zhang, X., Krol, L. R., & Zander, T. O. (2018). Towards Task-Independent Workload Classification: Shifting from Binary to Continuous Classification. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC) (pp. 556–561). DOI PDF
Krol, L. R., Pawlitzki, J., Lotte, F., Gramann, K., & Zander, T. O. (2018). SEREEGA: Simulating Event-Related EEG Activity. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 309, 13-24. DOI PDF
Krol, L. R., & Zander, T. O. (2018). Cognitive and Affective Probing for Neuroergonomics. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience Conference Abstract: 2nd International Neuroergonomics Conference, 87. DOI PDF
Zander, T. O. & Krol, L. R. (2018). The use of Passive BCIs for Neuroadaptive Technology. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience Conference Abstract: 2nd International Neuroergonomics Conference, 5. DOI
Krol, L. R., Klaproth, O., Vernaleken, C., Wetzel, I., Gaertner, J., Russwinkel, N., & Zander, T. O. (2018). Towards a Neuroadaptive Cockpit: First Results. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Mobile Brain/Body Imaging Conference (pp. 100-101). DOI PDF
Krol, L. R., & Zander, T. O. (2018). Towards a conceptual framework for cognitive probing. In J. Ham, A. Spagnolli, B. Blankertz, L. Gamberini, & G. Jacucci (Eds.), Symbiotic interaction (pp. 74–78). Cham: Springer International Publishing. DOI PDF
Krol, L. R., Mousavi, M., de Sa, V. R., & Zander, T. O. (2018). Classifier-based source localisation in independent component space: Progress report. In Proceedings of the Seventh International BCI Meeting (pp. 150–151). Asilomar, CA, USA. Link PDF
Krol, L. R., Andreessen, L. M., Podgorska, A., Makarov, N., & Zander, T. O. (2018). Passive Brain-Computer Interfacing in the Museum of Stillness. In Proceedings of the Artistic BCI Workshop at the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI), Montréal, Canada. PDF
Krol, L. R., Andreessen, L. M., & Zander, T. O. (2018). Passive Brain-Computer Interfaces: A Perspective on Increased Interactivity. In C. S. Nam, A. Nijholt, & F. Lotte (Eds.), Brain-Computer Interfaces Handbook: Technological and Theoretical Advances (pp. 69-86). Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press. DOI PDF

Published

2017

Krol, L. R., Freytag, S.-C., & Zander, T. O. (2017). Meyendtris: A hands-free, multimodal Tetris clone using eye tracking and passive BCI for intuitive neuroadaptive gaming. In Proceedings of the 19th ACM International Conference on Multimodal Interaction (pp. 433–437). New York, NY, USA: ACM. DOI PDF
Krol, L. R., & Zander, T. O. (2017). Passive BCI-Based Neuroadaptive Systems. In Proceedings of the 7th Graz Brain-Computer Interface Conference 2017 (pp. 248–253). DOI PDF
Krol, L. R., Zander, T. O., Jaswa, M., Flascher, O., Snelting, A., & Brouwer, A.-M. (2017). Online-capable cleaning of highly artefactual EEG data recorded during real driving. In Proceedings of the 7th Graz Brain-Computer Interface Conference 2017 (pp. 254–259). DOI PDF
Zander, T. O., & Krol, L. R. (2017). Team PhyPA: Brain-computer interfacing for everyday human-computer interaction. Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 61(2), 209–216. DOI PDF
Krol, L. R., & Zander, T. O. (2017). Cognitive probing for automated neuroadapation. In Proceedings of the First Biannual Neuroadaptive Technology Conference (pp. 22–23). Berlin, Germany. Link PDF
Zander, T. O., Andreessen, L. M., Berg, A., Bleuel, M., Pawlitzki, J., Zawallich, L., Krol, L. R. & Gramann, K. (2017). Evaluation of a dry EEG system for application of passive brain-computer interfaces in autonomous driving. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 11, 78. DOI PDF
Zander, T. O., Shetty, K., Lorenz, R., Leff, D. R., Krol, L. R., Darzi, A. W., ... Yang, G.-Z. (2017). Automated task load detection with electroencephalography: Towards passive brain-computer interfacing in robotic surgery. Journal of Medical Robotics Research, 2(1), 1750003. DOI PDF
Brouwer, A.-M., Snelting, A., Jaswa, M., Flascher, O., Krol, L. R., & Zander, T. O. (2017). Physiological effects of adaptive cruise control behaviour in real driving. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Workshop on An Application-Oriented Approach to BCI out of the Laboratory (pp. 15-19). New York, NY, USA: ACM. DOI

Published

≤ 2016

Krol, L. R., Zander, T. O., Birbaumer, N. P., & Gramann, K. (2016). Neuroadaptive technology enables implicit cursor control based on medial prefrontal cortex activity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(52), 14898–14903. DOI PDF
Krol, L. R., Freytag, S.-C., Fleck, M., Gramann, K., & Zander, T. O. (2016). A task-independent workload classifier for neuroadaptive technology: Preliminary data. In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics (SMC) (pp. 003171–003174). DOI PDF
Stivers, J. M., Krol, L. R., de Sa, V. R., & Zander, T. O. (2016). Spelling with cursor movements modified by implicit user response. In Proceedings of the 6th International Brain-Computer Interface Meeting (p. 59). Graz, Austria: Verlag der TU Graz. DOI PDF
Zander, T. O., Brönstrup, J., Lorenz, R., & Krol, L. R. (2014). Towards BCI-based Implicit Control in Human-Computer Interaction. In S. H. Fairclough & K. Gilleade (Eds.), Advances in Physiological Computing (pp. 67–90). Berlin, Germany: Springer. DOI PDF
Krol, L. R., Aliakseyeu, D., & Subramanian, S. (2009). Haptic feedback in remote pointing. In CHI '09 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 3763–3768). DOI PDF